英语演讲稿

更新时间：2022-11-08 12:42:00

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英语演讲稿精选15篇

　　演讲稿以发表意见，表达观点为主，是为演讲而事先准备好的文稿。在不断进步的社会中，演讲稿应用范围愈来愈广泛，如何写一份恰当的演讲稿呢？以下是小编帮大家整理的英语演讲稿，欢迎大家分享。

英语演讲稿1

　　“once upon a time，there was a king who had a daughter as beautiful as a blooming rose. to all the suitors who came to the king's palace to ask for the hand of the princess, the old king assigned three tasks to be accomplished, each next to impossible. one day, into the king's palace came a handsome young prince..." well, you know the rest. the three tasks may be different in different versions, but the main plot is always the same, with the prince claiming the princess's hand triumphantly.

　　and the ending is always the same, finishing with the line "and they live happily every after."

　　why aren't we tired of something so fanciful, so unrealistic, and, i would say, so unimaginative? how can a story like that endure generations of repetition`? because, i think, it is a typical success story. it is highly philosophical and symbolic. by implication, we see a 4-step definition of success: 1 ) a goal to be set. as represented by the beautiful princess; 2 ) challenges to be met, as represented by the three tasks; 3 ) the process of surmounting difficulties, as represented by the ordeals the youth goes through; and 4 ) the reward of success, as represented by the happy marriage.

　　the story not only caters to everyone's inward yearning for success, but also emphasizes the inseparability of the process and the result. the reward of success will be much amplified if the path leading towards it is treacherous, and vice versa. if a person inherits his father's millions and leads an easy life, he is not a successful person even in material terms, because there are no difficulties involved in his achieving affluence. the term "success", to be sure. will not sit still for easy definition. but as i understand it, the true meaning of success entails a combination of both the process and the satisfactory result of an endeavor. to clarify my view, let me give another analogy.

　　if we changed the rules of football, greatly enlarged the goal and sent away david seaman or any other goal keeper, so that another david, namely david beckham, could score easily, then scoring would not give him the thrill of accomplishment and the joy that it brings. if we further changed the rules by not allowing arsenal's defenders to defend, so that beckham needed only to lift a finger, actually a toe, to score, then there would be no game at all, because the meaning of winning would have disappeared. in accepting the challenge, in surmounting the difficulties and in enduring the hardship, success acquires its value. the sense of attainment varies in proportion to the degree of difficulties on overcomes.

　　译文

　　“从前,有一个国王有一个女儿就像盛开的玫瑰一样美丽。所有追求者来到王宫里要求公主的手,老国王指派完成三个任务,每一个几乎不可能的。有一天,国王的宫殿是一个年轻英俊的王子……“嗯,你知道。不同版本的三个任务可能会有所不同,但主要情节总是相同的`,得意地宣称王子公主的手。

　　和结局总是一样的,完成与行“每后,他们幸福地生活在一起。”

　　为什么不我们厌倦了一些幻想,不现实,我想说,如此缺乏想象力?故事怎么能这样忍受一代又一代的重复”?因为,我认为,这是一个典型的成功故事。它是高度哲学和象征性。通过暗示,我们看到一个分4步的成功的定义:1)所代表的一个目标是集美丽的公主;2)挑战,为代表的三个任务;3)克服困难的过程中,所代表的考验的青春经历,和4)成功的奖励,如所代表的幸福的婚姻。

　　这个故事不仅迎合每个人的内心渴望成功,但也强调了过程和结果的不可分离性。成功的奖励会放大很多如果路径主要是危险的,反之亦然。如果一个人继承了他父亲的数百万和领导一个简单的生活,在物质财富方面他甚至不是一个成功的人,因为他没有困难参与实现富裕。“成功”这个词,可以肯定的是。不会坐着容易定义。但随着我的理解,成功的真正含义需要两者的结合的过程和满意的结果努力。阐明我的观点,让我给另一个类比。

　　如果我们改变了足球的规则,大大扩大了目标和打发大卫·希曼或任何其他守门员,这样另一个大卫,大卫·贝克汉姆,可以轻易得分,然后得分不会给他带来的成就感和快乐,兴奋。如果我们进一步改变了规则不允许阿森纳的后卫防守,所以贝克汉姆只需要抬起手指,脚趾,分数,然后就没有游戏,因为胜利的意义就会消失了。在接受挑战,克服困难,在忍受苦难,成功获得它的价值。成就的感觉不同比例的程度上克服困难。

英语演讲稿2

　　Youth need to dream, the dream need responsibility

　　Youth is a great fortune, who the more efficient use of it, the greater the value of life. Do not think that youth is a very easy topic, thought that you have everything for granted, and you can follow one’s inclinations of life.

　　You have youth, it means you shoulder the responsibility of a motherland in the future in need of you, your family in the future in need of you. Responsibility, of course, and the dream, only to establish on the basis of action does not become a talk. Have a dream and pursuit, we won’t get lost, and with the sense of responsibility, we only have the motivation.

　　Space is there, we decided to climp. The moon and the planets are there, we decided to risk. Tomorrow is there we decided to obtain new knowledge. New hope is there we decided to make our dream come true. Don’t be afraid to be full of thorns road, the young we can get out of the way. Don’t be afraid of the hardships of life , dream that we stand insipid time flies. Don’t be afraid of responsibility heavy, want to believe that we can go all out.

　　In such an opportunity and competition today,hope and confused era, I want to say youth need to dream and the dream need responsibility!

英语演讲稿3

　　Good morning boys and girls,

　　It’s a great pleasure for me/It’s nice to to give you a speech here. Nowadays mastering a foreign language is very helpful in our daily life. I feel it a great honor to share my opinions about English learning with you. Firstly, I believe it is useful to remember as many sentence patterns as possible. Secondly, we should try our best to read more English newspapers and magazines after class, which helps to improve our reading abilities. Besides, TV programmes are of great help to us. Last but not least, it’s necessary for us to communicate with foreign friends as much as possible and increase our awareness of foreign cultures, which can also help to improve our English. However, sometimes I find it difficult to pronounce some English words correctly. I would appreciate it if someone could give me some advice. Thanks for your attention

　　That's all my speech,thank you.

英语演讲稿4

　　All of you, and judge teachers and classmates: good morning, I am very glad to attend the speech contest, today I'm going to give you a speech topic is "how to learn English well"...

　　English is important in the modern world. It is spoken all over the world. But a few students don’t learn English well. So they want to drop English. I suggest that you shouldn’t give up English, because English is used in many countries as the first or second language. Most business letters are written in English. It is helpful for you to work in the future. If you don’t know English, you will fall behind others in future.

　　How can you learn English well? First, you should persevere. It’s true that English is sometimes really very difficult for us. But if you have a good method of learning, I think you will be good at it. Both English listening and speaking are the most difficult for almost every beginner. Sometimes, it seems impossible to learn. But I think if you do a lot of practice, you will make progress, you should speak more and listen more often. You’d better speak English with your classmates as often as possible not only in class but also out of class. I advise you to buy a radio, so you can listen to some English programmes over the radio. Then you will travel in the world of you do that, you’ll be able to learn English well easily, and you’ll like English very much.

　　I hope all of you will become good at English step by step.

　　And you can study English in some advises:

　　1. Listen to BBC news persistently to improve your English hearing.

　　2. Read more and more English books, especially those written by English native speakers to expand your vocabulary as well as reading capability.

　　3. Try to speak in English when it's need to get rid of shyness and your spoken English will improve greatly.

　　4. Of course, to chat with native speakers, if possible, is a good method for learning English. Or you may chat with them on-line since you've time to log onto the Internet.

　　5. To watch English movies or TV plays is another option for learning English.

英语演讲稿5

　　Winter vacation is 're happy to welcome the lly,winter vacation is funny because Spring Festival is during the vacation.

　　Spring Festival is a excellent day for every Chinese,especially for ng the festival,relatives go to visit each other and give presents to each it's the happy moment for children,children are given some lucky money.

　　But i'm not a child any longer.I want to make the festival a little bit different. I plan to have a different day.I'm going to sell some toys in the flower market.I will ask my friends to join i earn some money,i'll buy some presents to my ,it's my turn to give back to my parents for their love.

　　Far and away the most important holiday in China is Spring Festival, also known as the Chinese New Year. To the Chinese people it is as important as Christmas to people in the West. The dates for this annual celebration are determined by the lunar calendar rather than the GREgorian calendar.

英语演讲稿6

　　Last summer holiday， I went to Hainan with my family。The weather was terrfifc！ The sky was bule more than I could describe， the sea was blue and bright more than I could believe。 Walking by the sea is just like being in the oil painting！ We sailed to an island called Xidao。 I swam there。Swimming is the sea is quite different from that in a pool。 Because the depth is various all the time。 Maybe the water can't afford you this minute， and then it will flow over your head！ Besdieds the swimming， we also had a good meal there。 We had a nice seafood dish。 I forgot the name of that conch，but I bought back the shell。 If you want to have a look， you may ask me。 Or， we may go to Hainan together， for I am always hoping to come to that place again。 I really like that place， a place of bule and brightness。

英语演讲稿7

　　Dear examiners

　　hello everyone! My name is XXX. I am a student majoring in XX in XX school. In school, I actively participated in various activities and exercised my ability.

　　I am very happy to come here to study. I have always been optimistic about the industry of XXX. Later, I began to be interested in XX and studied hard. My three-year college education was spent in continuous interest cultivation and continuous learning and progress.

　　Three years of college life is like a cloud in the past, gone forever, leaving only my knowledge and skills. Now I am going to go to the position I am passionate about. In the face of today's fierce talent competition, I know my knowledge is limited, but I know better that I have the spirit not to fall behind and the desire to constantly learn and improve. I have my own young and persistent career enthusiasm, and I believe I will do better! I need an opportunity to show myself and exercise myself. No matter how hard or tired, I'm willing to try.

　　Thank you!

英语演讲稿8

　　as we all know, communication is one of the most essential social skills that we need for our self development. communicating with all

　　understanding always contributes to a deep touch between peoples' heart. today, i am going to talk about how to communicate with classmates.to start with, you need to realize that your classmates are just in the same age of you. so be relaxed and nature. you are not too much smarter or outstanding than others and either are they! when you talk with them, remember to mention sommy favorite book is (italian: cuore). this is a diary written by an italian boy enrico. the diary is about his life and study. it included various touching stories that happened around enrico, the mottos taught by his parents, as well as the wonderful ten "monthly" stories told by his teacher during the class. every word in the chapter describes the word "love". from patriotism to friendship, and to the love between parents and child -- really touching.

　　this novel taught me how to love, and how to learn from love. i really like this book very much. how about you? what is your favorite book?my favorite book is . have you read it before?oh, i haven't read this book before. what is it about?

　　well, it is a story of a rich girl who maintained her noble character after the bankruptcy of her father. the story is happy ending.

　　can you tell us why you love this book so much?

　　sure. it is because the story taught us to be brave and to face the challenges and difficulties with courage. i am deeply impressed by the strength and perseverance of the little princess in the story. i have decided to learn from her from now on.

　　oh i see, the story sounds very good. i cannot wait to read this book as well.

　　gettysburg address

　　four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.

英语演讲稿9

　　It is undeniable that the worsening environment has become the biggest concern of the present-day world. Land resources are dwindling because of water loss and soil erosion. Waste gases poison the air we breathe. The rivers and lakes are polluted by waste dumped in them from factories. It is probably no exaggeration to say that deterioration of the quality of the environment threatens the existence of mankind itself.

　　Some people are of the opinion that the environmental problem is the price we have to pay for economic development. But I do not think that this argument is valid. After all, what is the point of economic growth if people’s lives are adversely alf

　　ected by worsening environmental pollution?

　　There is plenty of evidence to show that sustainable development can be achieved by balancing economic growth with protection of the environment. The key to achieving this is to make people aware of the seriousness of the problem. Both governments and ordinary citizens should join hands to make this world a better place to live in, not only for ourselves, but also for future generations.

英语演讲稿10

　　All ovr h world popl lisn o clssicl icl music is difficul o dscrib.I mns diffrn hins o diffrn popl.

　　Som fmous clssicl composrs wr Bch,Vivldi,Hydn nd hir music,hy did no ll sory or show sron wnd o mk buiful nd inrsin music wih lovly sounds.

　　Thn composrs srd o prss old soris bou lov nd lso wro bou ms hy composd music for uh hir music composrs showd sron of hs composrs wr Bhovn,Schumnn,Chopin,Mndlssohn,Wnr nd Tchikovsky.

　　Clssicl music hs bn populr for hundrds of wro bou 300 yrs n wro bou 200 yrs Tchikovsky wro ovr 100 yrs o.

　　Somims popl clos hir ys whil lisnin o clssicl music.I is difficul o undrsnd hy clos hir ys hy hv o hink bou h music.

英语演讲稿11

　　Smoking is not as commonplace and is subject to restrictions in most public places. Before smoking, the best policy is to ask if anyone minds, or wait to see if others smoke. Restaurants often have a section where smoking is permitted; many hotels designate rooms as smoking and non-smoking.

　　A handshake is the customary greeting for both men and women, although you should wait to see if the woman offers her hand.

　　Apart from greeting close family members or friends, Americans tend to refrain from greetings that involve hugging and other close physical contact. For the most part, they are unreceptive to being touched during conversation and other social situations.

　　The standard space between you and your conversation partner should be about two feet. Most U.S. exxecutives will be uncomfortable standing at a closer distance.

　　Direct eye contact conveys that you are sincere, although it should not be too intense. Certain ethnic groups will look away to show respect.

　　Friends or acquaintances of the same sexx generally do not hold hands.

　　To point, you may use the indexx finger, although it's impolite to point at another person.

　　To beckon someone, wave either all the fingers or just the indexx finger in a scooping motion, with the palm facing up.

　　To show approval, there are two common gestures: the “O.K.” sign, formed by making a circle of the thumb and indexx finger, and the “thumbs up” sign, formed by making a fist and pointing the thumb upward.

英语演讲稿12

　　In 20_ — not so long ago — a professor who was then at Columbia University took that case and made it [Howard] Roizen. And he gave the case out, both of them, to two groups of students. He changed exactly one word: "Heidi" to "Howard." But that one word made a really big difference. He then surveyed the students, and the good news was the students, both men and women, thought Heidi and Howard were equally competent, and that's good.The bad news was that everyone liked Howard. He's a great guy. You want to work for him. You want to spend the day fishing with him. But Heidi? Not so sure. She's a little out for herself. She's a little political.You're not sure you'd want to work for her. This is the complication. We have to tell our daughters and our colleagues, we have to tell ourselves to believe we got the A, to reach for the promotion, to sit at the table, and we have to do it in a world where, for them, there are sacrifices they will make for that, even though for their brothers, there are not. The saddest thing about all of this is that it's really hard to remember this. And I'm about to tell a story which is truly embarrassing for me, but I think important.

英语演讲稿13

　　Garbage is divided into four categories: Garbag that can not be recoveredand used. Kitchen husk，leaves，leftovers，etc. collected with green plasticcontainers.Waste that can be recovered and used. Paper，plastic，glass，fabric andmetal，etc.，are collected in blue plastic containers.Toxic and hazardous waste.Scrap batteries，expired medicines，paint buckets，mercury thermometers，fluorescenttubes and household chemicals，etc.are collected in red plastic containers.Otherrubbish，collected in gray or yellow plastic containers.

英语演讲稿14

　　What I'd like to do today is talk about one of my favorite subjects, and that is the neuroscience of sleep.

　　Now, there is a sound -- (Alarm clock) -- aah, it worked -- a sound that is desperately, desperately familiar to most of us, and of course it's the sound of the alarm clock. And what that truly ghastly, awful sound does is stop the single most important behavioral experience that we have, and that's sleep. If you're an average sort of person, 36 percent of your life will be spent asleep, which means that if you live to 90, then 32 years will have been spent entirely asleep.

　　Now what that 32 years is telling us is that sleep at some level is important. And yet, for most of us, we don't give sleep a second thought. We throw it away. We really just don't think about sleep. And so what I'd like to do today is change your views, change your ideas and your thoughts about sleep. And the journey that I want to take you on, we need to start by going back in time.

　　"Enjoy the honey-heavy dew of slumber." Any ideas who said that? Shakespeare's Julius Caesar. Yes, let me give you a few more quotes. "O sleep, O gentle sleep, nature's soft nurse, how have I frighted thee?" Shakespeare again, from -- I won't say it -- the Scottish play. [Correction: Henry IV, Part 2] (Laughter) From the same time: "Sleep is the golden chain that ties health and our bodies together." Extremely prophetic, by Thomas Dekker, another Elizabethan dramatist.

　　But if we jump forward 400 years, the tone about sleep changes somewhat. This is from Thomas Edison, from the beginning of the 20th century. "Sleep is a criminal waste of time and a heritage from our cave days." Bang. (Laughter) And if we also jump into the 1980s, some of you may remember that Margaret Thatcher was reported to have said, "Sleep is for wimps." And of course the infamous -- what was his name? -- the infamous Gordon Gekko from "Wall Street" said, "Money never sleeps."

　　What do we do in the 20th century about sleep? Well, of course, we use Thomas Edison's light bulb to invade the night, and we occupied the dark, and in the process of this occupation, we've treated sleep as an illness, almost. We've treated it as an enemy. At most now, I suppose, we tolerate the need for sleep, and at worst perhaps many of us think of sleep as an illness that needs some sort of a cure. And our ignorance about sleep is really quite profound.

　　Why is it? Why do we abandon sleep in our thoughts? Well, it's because you don't do anything much while you're asleep, it seems. You don't eat. You don't drink. And you don't have sex. Well, most of us anyway. And so therefore it's -- Sorry. It's a complete waste of time, right? Wrong. Actually, sleep is an incredibly important part of our biology, and neuroscientists are beginning to explain why it's so very important. So let's move to the brain.

　　Now, here we have a brain. This is donated by a social scientist, and they said they didn't know what it was, or indeed how to use it, so -- (Laughter) Sorry. So I borrowed it. I don't think they noticed. Okay. (Laughter)

　　The point I'm trying to make is that when you're asleep, this thing doesn't shut down. In fact, some areas of the brain are actually more active during the sleep state than during the wake state. The other thing that's really important about sleep is that it doesn't arise from a single structure within the brain, but is to some extent a network property, and if we flip the brain on its back -- I love this little bit of spinal cord here -- this bit here is the hypothalamus, and right under there is a whole raft of interesting structures, not least the biological clock. The biological clock tells us when it's good to be up, when it's good to be asleep, and what that structure does is interact with a whole raft of other areas within the hypothalamus, the lateral hypothalamus, the ventrolateral preoptic nuclei. All of those combine, and they send projections down to the brain stem here. The brain stem then projects forward and bathes the cortex, this wonderfully wrinkly bit over here, with neurotransmitters that keep us awake and essentially provide us with our consciousness. So sleep arises from a whole raft of different interactions within the brain, and essentially, sleep is turned on and off as a result of a range of

　　Okay. So where have we got to? We've said that sleep is complicated and it takes 32 years of our life. But what I haven't explained is what sleep is about. So why do we sleep? And it won't surprise any of you that, of course, the scientists, we don't have a consensus. There are dozens of different ideas about why we sleep, and I'm going to outline three of those.

　　The first is sort of the restoration idea, and it's somewhat intuitive. Essentially, all the stuff we've burned up during the day, we restore, we replace, we rebuild during the night. And indeed, as an explanation, it goes back to Aristotle, so that's, what, 2,300 years ago. It's gone in and out of fashion. It's fashionable at the moment because what's been shown is that within the brain, a whole raft of genes have been shown to be turned on only during sleep, and those genes are associated with restoration and metabolic pathways. So there's good evidence for the whole restoration hypothesis.

　　What about energy conservation? Again, perhaps intuitive. You essentially sleep to save calories. Now, when you do the sums, though, it doesn't really pan out. If you compare an individual who has slept at night, or stayed awake and hasn't moved very much, the energy saving of sleeping is about 110 calories a night. Now, that's the equivalent of a hot dog bun. Now, I would say that a hot dog bun is kind of a meager return for such a complicated and demanding behavior as sleep. So I'm less convinced by the energy conservation idea.

　　But the third idea I'm quite attracted to, which is brain processing and memory consolidation. What we know is that, if after you've tried to learn a task, and you sleep-deprive individuals, the ability to learn that task is smashed. It's really hugely attenuated. So sleep and memory consolidation is also very important. However, it's not just the laying down of memory and recalling it. What's turned out to be really exciting is that our ability to come up with novel solutions to complex problems is hugely enhanced by a night of sleep. In fact, it's been estimated to give us a threefold advantage. Sleeping at night enhances our creativity. And what seems to be going on is that, in the brain, those neural connections that are important, those synaptic connections that are important, are linked and strengthened, while those that are less important tend to fade away and be less important.

　　Okay. So we've had three explanations for why we might sleep, and I think the important thing to realize is that the details will vary, and it's probable we sleep for multiple different reasons. But sleep is not an indulgence. It's not some sort of thing that we can take on board rather casually. I think that sleep was once likened to an upgrade from economy to business class, you know, the equiavlent of. It's not even an upgrade from economy to first class. The critical thing to realize is that if you don't sleep, you don't fly. Essentially, you never get there, and what's extraordinary about much of our society these days is that we are desperately sleep-deprived.

　　So let's now look at sleep deprivation. Huge sectors of society are sleep-deprived, and let's look at our sleep-o-meter. So in the 1950s, good data suggests that most of us were getting around about eight hours of sleep a night. Nowadays, we sleep one and a half to two hours less every night, so we're in the six-and-a-half-hours-every-night league. For teenagers, it's worse, much worse. They need nine hours for full brain performance, and many of them, on a school night, are only getting five hours of sleep. It's simply not enough. If we think about other sectors of society, the aged, if you are aged, then your ability to sleep in a single block is somewhat disrupted, and many sleep, again, less than five hours a night. Shift work. Shift work is extraordinary, perhaps 20 percent of the working population, and the body clock does not shift to the demands of working at night. It's locked onto the same light-dark cycle as the rest of us. So when the poor old shift worker is going home to try and sleep during the day, desperately tired, the body clock is saying, "Wake up. This is the time to be awake." So the quality of sleep that you get as a night shift worker is usually very poor, again in that sort of five-hour region. And then, of course, tens of millions of people suffer from jet lag. So who here has jet lag? Well, my goodness gracious. Well, thank you very much indeed for not falling asleep, because that's what your brain is craving.

　　One of the things that the brain does is indulge in micro-sleeps, this involuntary falling asleep, and you have essentially no control over it. Now, micro-sleeps can be sort of somewhat embarrassing, but they can also be deadly. It's been estimated that 31 percent of drivers will fall asleep at the wheel at least once in their life, and in the U.S., the statistics are pretty good: 100,000 accidents on the freeway have been associated with tiredness, loss of vigilance, and falling asleep. A hundred thousand a year. It's extraordinary. At another level of terror, we dip into the tragic accidents at Chernobyl and indeed the space shuttle Challenger, which was so tragically lost. And in the investigations that followed those disasters, poor judgment as a result of extended shift work and loss of vigilance and tiredness was attributed to a big chunk of those disasters.

　　So when you're tired, and you lack sleep, you have poor memory, you have poor creativity, you have increased impulsiveness, and you have overall poor judgment. But my friends, it's so much worse than that.

　　(Laughter)

　　If you are a tired brain, the brain is craving things to wake it up. So drugs, stimulants. Caffeine represents the stimulant of choice across much of the Western world. Much of the day is fueled by caffeine, and if you're a really naughty tired brain, nicotine. And of course, you're fueling the waking state with these stimulants, and then of course it gets to 11 o'clock at night, and the brain says to itself, "Ah, well actually, I need to be asleep fairly shortly. What do we do about that when I'm feeling completely wired?" Well, of course, you then resort to alcohol. Now alcohol, short-term, you know, once or twice, to use to mildly sedate you, can be very useful. It can actually ease the sleep transition. But what you must be so aware of is that alcohol doesn't provide sleep, a biological mimic for sleep. It sedates you. So it actually harms some of the neural proccessing that's going on during memory consolidation and memory recall. So it's a short-term acute measure, but for goodness sake, don't become addicted to alcohol as a way of getting to sleep every night.

　　Another connection between loss of sleep is weight gain. If you sleep around about five hours or less every night, then you have a 50 percent likelihood of being obese. What's the connection here? Well, sleep loss seems to give rise to the release of the hormone ghrelin, the hunger hormone. Ghrelin is released. It gets to the brain. The brain says, "I need carbohydrates," and what it does is seek out carbohydrates and particularly sugars. So there's a link between tiredness and the metabolic predisposition for weight gain.

　　Stress. Tired people are massively stressed. And one of the things of stress, of course, is loss of memory, which is what I sort of just then had a little lapse of. But stress is so much more. So if you're acutely stressed, not a great problem, but it's sustained stress associated with sleep loss that's the problem. So sustained stress leads to suppressed immunity, and so tired people tend to have higher rates of overall infection, and there's some very good studies showing that shift workers, for example, have higher rates of cancer. Increased levels of stress throw glucose into the circulation. Glucose becomes a dominant part of the vasculature and essentially you become glucose intolerant. Therefore, diabetes 2. Stress increases cardiovascular disease as a result of raising blood pressure. So there's a whole raft of things associated with sleep loss that are more than just a mildly impaired brain, which is where I think most people think that sleep loss resides.

　　So at this point in the talk, this is a nice time to think, well, do you think on the whole I'm getting enough sleep? So a quick show of hands. Who feels that they're getting enough sleep here? Oh. Well, that's pretty impressive. Good. We'll talk more about that later, about what are your tips.

　　So most of us, of course, ask the question, "Well, how do I know whether I'm getting enough sleep?" Well, it's not rocket science. If you need an alarm clock to get you out of bed in the morning, if you are taking a long time to get up, if you need lots of stimulants, if you're grumpy, if you're irritable, if you're told by your work colleagues that you're looking tired and irritable, chances are you are sleep-deprived. Listen to them. Listen to yourself.

　　What do you do? Well -- and this is slightly offensive -- sleep for dummies: Make your bedroom a haven for sleep. The first critical thing is make it as dark as you possibly can, and also make it slightly cool. Very important. Actually, reduce your amount of light exposure at least half an hour before you go to bed. Light increases levels of alertness and will delay sleep. What's the last thing that most of us do before we go to bed? We stand in a massively lit bathroom looking into the mirror cleaning our teeth. It's the worst thing we can possibly do before we went to sleep. Turn off those mobile phones. Turn off those computers. Turn off all of those things that are also going to excite the brain. Try not to drink caffeine too late in the day, ideally not after lunch. Now, we've set about reducing light exposure before you go to bed, but light exposure in the morning is very good at setting the biological clock to the light-dark cycle. So seek out morning light. Basically, listen to yourself. Wind down. Do those sorts of things that you know are going to ease you off into the honey-heavy dew of slumber.

　　Okay. That's some facts. What about some myths?

　　Teenagers are lazy. No. Poor things. They have a biological predisposition to go to bed late and get up late, so give them a break.

　　We need eight hours of sleep a night. That's an average. Some people need more. Some people need less. And what you need to do is listen to your body. Do you need that much or do you need more? Simple as that.

　　Old people need less sleep. Not true. The sleep demands of the aged do not go down. Essentially, sleep fragments and becomes less robust, but sleep requirements do not go down.

　　And the fourth myth is, early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. Well that's wrong at so many different levels. (Laughter) There is no, no evidence that getting up early and going to bed early gives you more wealth at all. There's no difference in socioeconomic status. In my experience, the only difference between morning people and evening people is that those people that get up in the morning early are just horribly smug.

　　(Laughter) (Applause)

　　Okay. So for the last part, the last few minutes, what I want to do is change gears and talk about some really new, breaking areas of neuroscience, which is the association between mental health, mental illness and sleep disruption. We've known for 130 years that in severe mental illness, there is always, always sleep disruption, but it's been largely ignored. In the 1970s, when people started to think about this again, they said, "Yes, well, of course you have sleep disruption in schizophrenia because they're on anti-psychotics. It's the anti-psychotics causing the sleep problems," ignoring the fact that for a hundred years previously, sleep disruption had been reported before anti-psychotics.

　　So what's going on? Lots of groups, several groups are studying conditions like depression, schizophrenia and bipolar, and what's going on in terms of sleep disruption. We have a big study which we published last year on schizophrenia, and the data were quite extraordinary. In those individuals with schizophrenia, much of the time, they were awake during the night phase and then they were asleep during the day. Other groups showed no 24-hour patterns whatsoever. Their sleep was absolutely smashed. And some had no ability to regulate their sleep by the light-dark cycle. They were getting up later and later and later and later each night. It was smashed.

　　So what's going on? And the really exciting news is that mental illness and sleep are not simply associated but they are physically linked within the brain. The neural networks that predispose you to normal sleep, give you normal sleep, and those that give you normal mental health are overlapping. And what's the evidence for that? Well, genes that have been shown to be very important in the generation of normal sleep, when mutated, when changed, also predispose individuals to mental health problems. And last year, we published a study which showed that a gene that's been linked to schizophrenia, which, when mutated, also smashes the sleep. So we have evidence of a genuine mechanistic overlap between these two important systems.

　　Other work flowed from these studies. The first was that sleep disruption actually precedes certain types of mental illness, and we've shown that in those young individuals who are at high risk of developing bipolar disorder, they already have a sleep abnormality prior to any clinical diagnosis of bipolar. The other bit of data was that sleep disruption may actually exacerbate, make worse the mental illness state. My colleague Dan Freeman has used a range of agents which have stabilized sleep and reduced levels of paranoia in those individuals by 50 percent.

　　So what have we got? We've got, in these connections, some really exciting things. In terms of the neuroscience, by understanding the neuroscience of these two systems, we're really beginning to understand how both sleep and mental illness are generated and regulated within the brain. The second area is that if we can use sleep and sleep disruption as an early warning signal, then we have the chance of going in. If we know that these individuals are vulnerable, early intervention then becomes possible. And the third, which I think is the most exciting, is that we can think of the sleep centers within the brain as a new therapeutic target. Stabilize sleep in those individuals who are vulnerable, we can certainly make them healthier, but also alleviate some of the appalling symptoms of mental illness.

　　So let me just finish. What I started by saying is take sleep seriously. Our attitudes toward sleep are so very different from a pre-industrial age, when we were almost wrapped in a duvet. We used to understand intuitively the importance of sleep. And this isn't some sort of crystal-waving nonsense. This is a pragmatic response to good health. If you have good sleep, it increases your concentration, attention, decision-making, creativity, social skills, health. If you get sleep, it reduces your mood changes, your stress, your levels of anger, your impulsivity, and your tendency to drink and take drugs. And we finished by saying that an understanding of the neuroscience of sleep is really informing the way we think about some of the causes of mental illness, and indeed is providing us new ways to treat these incredibly debilitating conditions.

　　Jim Butcher, the fantasy writer, said, "Sleep is God. Go worship." And I can only recommend that you do the same.

　　Thank you for your attention.

　　(Applause)

英语演讲稿15

My dear friends,

　　“Once upon a time，there was a king who had a daughter as beautiful as a blooming rose. To all the suitors who came to the king's palace to ask for the hand of the princess, the old king assigned three tasks to be accomplished, each next to impossible. One day, into the king's palace came a handsome young prince..." Well, you know the rest. The three tasks may be different in different versions, but the main plot is always the same, with the prince claiming the princess's hand triumphantly.

　　And the ending is always the same, finishing with the line "And they live happily every after."

　　Why aren't we tired of something so fanciful, so unrealistic, and, I would say, so unimaginative? How can a story like that endure generations of repetition`? Because, I think, it is a typical success story. It is highly philosophical and symbolic. By implication, we see a 4-step definition of success:

　　1 ) a goal to be set. as represented by the beautiful princess;

　　2 ) challenges to be met, as represented by the three tasks;

　　3 ) the process of surmounting difficulties, as represented by the ordeals the youth goes through; and

　　4 ) the reward of success, as represented by the happy marriage.

　　The story not only caters to everyone's inward yearning for success, but also emphasizes the inseparability of the process and the result. The reward of success will be much amplified if the path leading towards it is treacherous, and vice versa. If a person inherits his father's millions and leads an easy life, he is not a successful person even in material terms, because there are no difficulties involved in his achieving affluence. The term "success", to be sure. will not sit still for easy definition. But as I understand it, the true meaning of success entails a combination of both the process and the satisfactory result of an endeavor. To clarify my view, let me give another analogy.

　　If we changed the rules of football, greatly enlarged the goal and sent away David Seaman or any other goal keeper, so that another David, namely David Beckham, could score easily, then scoring would not give him the thrill of accomplishment and the joy that it brings. If we further changed the rules by not allowing Arsenal's defenders to defend, so that Beckham needed only to lift a finger, actually a toe, to score, then there would be no game at all, because the meaning of winning would have disappeared. In accepting the challenge, in surmounting the difficulties and in enduring the hardship, success acquires its value. The sense of attainment varies in proportion to the degree of difficulties on overcomes.

　　The concept of success is not constant but relative because the nature of difficulty is also relative. Something you do effortlessly might pose a great difficulty for a handicapped person. In acquiring the ability to do the same as you can, he or she achieve success. That's why we greatly admire Stephen Hawking, because, though confined to a wheel chair, he has contributed greatly to the field of science.

　　I myself, a rather shy person by nature who easily suffer from stage fright, had to pluck up great courage to take part in a speech contest like this. I could have stayed away and had an easy time of it by not entering the university level contest.But I chose to accept the challenge and to face the difficulties. Now here I am. If I come out first, it will be a great success for me. If I come out last-I hope this will not be the case-but if I come out last, I will not call my attempt a failure, but will also celebrate it as a true success, because part of my goal is my own character training-to do more assertive, to be brave in face of difficulties. For me, it is a meaningful step forward, small as it is, in the long journey toward the final success in my life, because I have truly gained by participating.

　　Let us return to our handsome young prince and the 4-step definition of success. You my have noticed that the usual worldly criteria of wealth, position and fame were not mentioned as part of the story, but rather, it emphasized the process of overcoming difficulties. The ancient wisdom had already defined the meaning of success, and this is my definition, too.

　　Thank you.

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